William Blake - Visionary Pre-Romantic Poet, Printer and Artist

William Blake - Visionary Pre-Romantic Poet, Printer and Artist William Blake was born in London in 1757, one of six children of a hosiery merchant. He was an imaginative child, â€Å"different† from the beginning, so he was not sent to school, but educated at home. He talked of visionary experiences from a very early age: at 10, he saw a tree filled with angels when he was wandering the countryside just outside town. He later claimed to have read Milton as a child and he began writing â€Å"Poetical Sketches† at 13. He was also interested in painting and drawing in childhood, but his parents could not afford art school, so he was apprenticed to an engraver at the age of 14. Blakes Training as an Artist The engraver to whom Blake was apprenticed was James Basire, who had made engravings of the work of Reynolds and Hogarth and was official engraver to the Society of Antiquaries. He sent Blake to draw the tombs and monuments at Westminster Abbey, a task which brought him to his lifelong love of Gothic art. When his 7-year apprenticeship was complete, Blake entered the Royal Academy, but did not stay long, and continued to support himself making engraved book illustrations. His Academy teachers urged him to adopt a simpler, less extravagant style, but Blake was enamored of grand historical paintings and ancient ballads. Blakes Illuminated Printing In 1782, William Blake married Catherine Boucher, an illiterate farmer’s daughter. He taught her reading and writing and draftsmanship, and she later assisted him in creating his illuminated books. He also taught drawing, painting and engraving to his beloved younger brother Robert. William was present when Robert died in 1787; he said that he saw his soul rise through the ceiling at death, that Robert’s spirit continued to visit him afterwards, and that one of these night visits inspired his illuminated book printing, combining poem text and engraved illustration on a single copper plate and hand-coloring the prints. Blakes Early Poems The first collection of poems William Blake published was Poetical Sketches in 1783 - clearly the work of a young apprentice poet, with its odes to the four seasons, an imitation of Spenser, historical prologues and songs. His most loved collections were next, the paired Songs of Innocence (1789) and Songs of Experience (1794), both published as handmade illuminated books. After the upheaval of the French Revolution his work became more political and allegorical, protesting and satirizing war and tyranny in books like America, a Prophecy (1793), Visions of the Daughters of Albion (1793) and Europe, a Prophecy (1794). Blake as Outsider and Mythmaker Blake was definitely outside the mainstream of art and poetry in his day, and his prophetic illustrated works did not garner much public recognition. He was usually able to make his living illustrating the works of others, but his fortunes declined as he devoted himself to his own ideas and art rather than to what was fashionable in 18th century London. He had a few patrons, whose commissions enabled him to study the classics and develop his personal mythology for his great visionary epics: The First Book of Urizen (1794), Milton (1804-08), Vala, or The Four Zoas (1797; rewritten after 1800), and Jerusalem (1804-20). Blakes Later Life Blake lived the last years of his life in obscure poverty, relieved only a little by the admiration and patronage of a group of younger painters known as â€Å"The Ancients.† William Blake fell ill and died in 1827. His last drawing was a portrait of his wife Catherine, drawn on his deathbed. Books by William Blake Blake: Songs of Innocence and Experience (facsimile edition with introduction by Richard Holmes, Tate Publishing, 2007)Songs of Innocence and of Experience (CD-ROM edition, pages embellished with pop-up commentary and annotations, narrated by Stuart Curran, Octavo, 2003)William Blake: The Complete Illuminated Books (reproductions from the Blake Trust, with introduction by David Bindman, Thames Hudson, W.W. Norton Co., 2001)The Complete Poetry Prose of William Blake (ed. David Erdman, with commentary by Harold Bloom, revised edition, Anchor, 1997)Blake’s Illustrations for the Book of Job (Dover Publications, 1995)The Marriage of Heaven and Hell: A Facsimile in Full Color (Dover Publications reprint, 1994)

Capitalizing and Punctuating Quotations

Capitalizing and Punctuating Quotations Capitalizing and Punctuating Quotations Capitalizing and Punctuating Quotations By Mark Nichol Quotations consisting of complete sentences should always be capitalized, as explained in the discussions and shown in the revisions to the following examples. (Note, too, that each sentence has a punctuation error.) 1. The pendant around his neck reads â€Å"all things are possible.† â€Å"All things are possible† is a complete sentence that follows an attribution, and therefore the first word must be capitalized: â€Å"The pendant around his neck reads, ‘All things are possible.’† (Also, an attribution must be set off from the quotation by a comma.) 2. It’s important to remember to ask ourselves, â€Å"would I spend my own money this way†? The question â€Å"Would I spend my own money this way?† is complete, so capitalization of the first word is required: â€Å"It’s important to remember to ask ourselves, ‘Would I spend my own money this way?’† (Also, note that the quotation, not the framing sentence, is a question, so the question mark must precede the close quotation mark.) 3. He reassured customers who are concerned about their safety saying, â€Å"we are also going to make sure our commitment to safety is unwavering.† This quotation may appear to be a continuation of the main clause of the sentence, but it is a complete sentence on its own and should be capitalized: â€Å"He reassured customers who are concerned about their safety, saying, ‘We are also going to make sure our commitment to safety is unwavering.’† (Also, saying and the quotation constitute a subordinate clause, so to set the clauses off from each other, a comma must precede saying.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Words with More Than One SpellingLoan, Lend, Loaned, LentSupervise vs. Monitor

Research methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Research methods - Essay Example A. Despite criticism, relevance of research philosophy for business and management cannot be denied, as this is the most valuable tool to evaluate performances against set targets and goals. For any business to succeed and for any management to be in control, use of both qualitative (positivist) and qualitative (post-positivist) concepts is unavoidable. Both Methods and Methodology are applied to predict various business metrics and this would not be possible without use of this philosophy in business. A. Research is a systematic inquiry reported in form of Analysis and Predictions. Quantitative and Qualitative research are strategies. Method refers to the research tactics used in the conduct of a research effort. Together they validate the data and bring forth true fact about this profit. For example the success or failure of any business is usually judged by the bottom line. But profit alone is unable to display the health of a business. In the absence of research these numbers will hide the ailments Thisis the real value that managements look for. The Discourse theory in contrast believes that all objects and actions are meaningful, however the perception of meaningfulness is not constant and is multi-dimensional as a result research may take diametrically opposite directions. A. It is natural in any research project to intentionally look for relevant material for the subject under research. During this endeavor there arises a need to quote the content to add depth or meaning to the effort. However it is important to observe the ethics of such quotations to avoid plagiarism or copyright infringement, as the case may be. Both are punishable acts under law as well as abhorred at all levels. A. Philosophies, or more accurately Philosophical Theories, offer a structured approach to finding answers on all events that keep occurring

Anishinabi Clan System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Anishinabi Clan System - Essay Example These people are also interrelated with a help of any kind of kinship – internal or external. In some cultures the representatives of the clan should be the relatives, they speak about the close and far, internal and external relationships, among their family members the representative of the clan under the study will enumerate all the known relatives; in this system each person had a specific name like the sibling of same gender was named niikaanis. So, we can say that the clan system is not a brand new thing in our world, but the clan system of Anishinabi is very peculiar. During our classes we studied the cultural, religious and historical features of the American clan system. So, let’s take a close look at the peculiarities of the Anishinabi clan. The history of our society knows a lot of examples of the people’s unions, one of which is the clan system. There is not much information about the Anishinabis, but we can find enough to study their clan system. This is the group of people that lives in the North America. It was one of many Algonquian-speaking groups that inhabited this part of the continent now it is the last one that remained. The native inhabitants used to call this land the Turtle Island and created their myths around their native land. These people preserve their culture and traditions with a help of inter-tribal marriages and relations. The Anishinaabe clan incorporates the Odawa, Ojibwa, and Algonquin people, who inhabit the lands of the modern Ontario state. They are related by their traditions and language. To the point, we also have to mention that the whole clan was, and still is, divided into five main groups named: th e Bimaawidaasi, the Giishkizhigwan, the Nooke, the Baswenaazhi and finally the Bemaangik. Originally the whole nation was divided into so-called odoodeman which equals the modern understanding of clans and groups. Each group had its own ruler who was also

Validity of CBTIs Essay Example for Free

Validity of CBTIs Essay Opinions regarding the trustworthiness of CBTIs vary considerably. On one extreme are those who argue that the practitioner can have a great deal of confidence in most commercially available test scoring and interpretation programs, since the testing industry usually maintains high standards for computerized assessment. At the other extreme are those who argue that for many programs there are few, if any, published reports of empirically demonstrated validity. Obviously, the validity of any CBTI system depends on the validity of the test for which it is developed: Discussion of this constraint imposed by the general status of psychological assessment lies beyond the scope of this article. Assuming validity of the measure itself, the validity of the CBTI depends on how closely the developer of the system conforms to actuarial findings for the instrument. A CBTI system is actuarial only if its interpretive output is wholly determined by statistical rules linking test scores to non test criteria. In reality, even the best CBTI systems are not fully actuarial, and many present no evidence of relying on actuarial findings to any extent. Moreland lamented that many CBTI systems are developed by individuals with no special qualifications who have never published a scholarly article on either the test in question or on the CBTI. (Forgionne 2005) Scholar noted several factors limiting validity of CBTIs. Among these are (a) unreliability of measures (including both the test itself as well as non test criteria on which test narratives may be based), (b) unwillingness to permit unclassified cases in situations of insufficient or ambiguous data, (c) inadequate attention to base rates and poorly analyzed cutting scores, (d) prediction of non test behaviors beyond those warranted by specific test findings, and (e) generalization across testing situations and populations without regard for potential moderators. Additional sources of error in CBTIs include miscommunication between the interpretation author and the programmer, as well as errors in the automated-interpretive algorithm itself. It bears noting that, with the exception of programming errors, these same shortcomings plague clinician-generated reports to an equal or greater degree. Thus, potential threats to the validity of CBTIs noted here should not be interpreted as favoring non computerized reports. Identifying potential sources of error in a CBTI system remains difficult. Consumers would be better positioned to evaluate specific components of CBTIs if interpretive rules were made available, although these are rarely presented because of proprietary concerns of the developers. Often only portions of CBTI systems have been validated. for example, restricted samples used in validity studies may activate only a subset of narrative statements in the interpretive library. Moreover, CBTIs are often rated for accuracy at the global level. rarely have discrete elements at the sentence or even paragraph level been examined empirically In addition, most CBTIs are closed systems that preclude the user from modifying or replacing either the decision rules or corresponding interpretations for specific components based on local norms, characteristics of the respondent known to moderate test-criterion relationships, or other considerations. Specific strategies for examining the validity of CBTIs vary but generally can be grouped into three approaches ranging from least to most restrictive: (a) customer satisfaction studies, (b) expert opinion modeling, and (c) external criterion studies. (Steiger 1998) Customer Satisfaction Studies In customer satisfaction studies, consumers rate one or more elements of the CBTI (eg, single ratings of the overall report vs. multiple ratings of discrete narrative elements) along one or more dimensions (eg, accuracy, clarity, internal consistency, omission of relevant information, and inclusion of trivial or misleading information). Because such studies do not rely on independent criterion data regarding the test respondent and therefore are less difficult and less costly to conduct, customer satisfaction studies of CBTI validity are more common than other types of CBTI validity research (although even customer satisfaction studies are infrequent relative to the number of commercial CBTI systems available). Several methodological considerations germane to CBTI customer satisfaction studies, among these were the need for (a) a relatively large, representative sample of users or potential users of that interpretive system. (b) Adequate sampling of test respondents both with respect to common socio demographic moderators, as well as the behavioral domains addressed by the test. And (c) specific ratings of discrete narrative elements along multiple dimensions such as those noted above. Even more critical than these are the need in customer satisfaction studies to control for various rater response sets, Considerable attention has been given in the literature to the impact of global, non differentiating descriptors or Barnum statements on ratings of perceived accuracy. As noted, various studies have shown that consumers assign greater accuracy to narratives with a higher saturation of nonspecific statements, particularly when these descriptions are attributed to persons of authority or expertise. Given this tendency, findings from the international study of computer-based MMPI-2 reports might be regarded as less than compelling, a limitation also suggested. (Martinsons 1999)

Alexis de Tocqueville?s Influence Essay -- essays research papers

Alexis de Tocqueville’s Influence   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alexis de Tocqueville’s observation of the American prison system brought out several interesting facts about America and how it governs itself. He talks of the danger of greed for money, the importance of forming associations, and the power of influence in town government. Although many of his observations have since changed, many of them bring about legitimate points about American government and society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In de Tocqueville’s book Democracy in America, he is quoted as saying, â€Å"†¦I know of no other country where love of money has such a grip on men’s hearts or where stronger scorn is expressed for the theory of permanent equality of property.† In my opinion, he is pointing out that man’s greed for money is what will possibly tear our society apart. This point has somewhat proven itself in the way that so many men, and now women, are willing to do almost anything to gain a dollar, even if it means using immoral and hurtful ways to do so.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In talking about the importance of forming associations in America, de Tocqueville says, â€Å"Americans of all ages, all stations of life, and all types of disposition are forever forming associations...In democratic countries knowledge of how to combine is the mother of all other forms of knowledge; on its progress depends that of all the others.† My belief is that he is saying that although f... Alexis de Tocqueville?s Influence Essay -- essays research papers Alexis de Tocqueville’s Influence   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alexis de Tocqueville’s observation of the American prison system brought out several interesting facts about America and how it governs itself. He talks of the danger of greed for money, the importance of forming associations, and the power of influence in town government. Although many of his observations have since changed, many of them bring about legitimate points about American government and society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In de Tocqueville’s book Democracy in America, he is quoted as saying, â€Å"†¦I know of no other country where love of money has such a grip on men’s hearts or where stronger scorn is expressed for the theory of permanent equality of property.† In my opinion, he is pointing out that man’s greed for money is what will possibly tear our society apart. This point has somewhat proven itself in the way that so many men, and now women, are willing to do almost anything to gain a dollar, even if it means using immoral and hurtful ways to do so.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In talking about the importance of forming associations in America, de Tocqueville says, â€Å"Americans of all ages, all stations of life, and all types of disposition are forever forming associations...In democratic countries knowledge of how to combine is the mother of all other forms of knowledge; on its progress depends that of all the others.† My belief is that he is saying that although f...

Discussion on Organ Donation Shortage

Medicine has evolved since the days of bloodletting, but from the perspective of a waiting recipient on the organ donor list, we still live in the dark ages. With a list of 110,941 hopeful candidates for organ transplant, the status of organ donation as a taboo subject in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) has left an average of 20 people dead each day. (1) The high demand and low supply has led to creative solutions from both medical and government sectors, but what’s the answer? Is government intervention necessary, or should the fed keep their laws off my liver? While the fourth annual National Donor Designation Report Card prepared by Donate Life America shows 94. 7 million people were enrolled in state donor registries at the end of 2010,(2) it still doesn’t address the need that exists today. The shortage of organ donors in the U. S. is a problem. There are many factors that lie behind the reasons for shortage. From socioeconomic and demographic factors to religious beliefs, candidates just aren’t surfacing like they could. (3) â€Å"All the doctors and nurses I know are donors,† says Dr. Joshua Gitter, a practicing M. D. at John Muir Medical Center in Walnut Creek, California. â€Å"We can’t be the only ones providing organs here, ya know? The general public needs to step up. † The reason organs are in chronically short supply is partly due to the U. S. policy that requires voluntary giving. Dr. Gitter says most organs for transplant come from accident victims, who become brain dead after serious head injuries. These victims are typically put on life-support, and the next of kin's consent is required to turn off the machine and donate the organs. Dr. Gitter says there are usually good chances of receiving donations from the families of accident victims, but each case changes on a family by family basis. Studies have shown the chances of donation from families who had prior knowledge of the patients’ wishes regarding donation have a higher rate of donation from the ICU,(4) but how often does mortality come up in a healthy conversation with family? Craig Gammel, a San Jose resident says he never had a conversation with his family members on the topic of organ donation, so when his father suffered a brain aneurism in the summer of 2009, Mr. Gammel possessed no pre determined ideas of donating his fathers organs during his drive to the ICU where his father waited in a coma. â€Å"You’re never ready for a call like that. † Says Mr. Gammel, reflecting on the day he got the call about his father’s aneurism. â€Å"We didn’t wait long before the doctors confirmed my father was brain dead. † Craig made the decision to take his father off life support after hearing the news, and agreed to donate his fathers hazel eyes to a waiting recipient. When the nurse initially approached Mr. Gammel with the request for eye donation, she did so in a tentative and reserved manner. Craig says he appreciated the way the topic was introduced, and grateful for the opportunity to assist another person in need. â€Å"Of course I wanted his death to at least help someone. † He said. â€Å"The old man would have wanted the same, I think. † Craig says he wouldn’t have thought about organ donation at the time if the nurse hadn’t asked him. Since organ transplant candidates cannot rely solely on these cases, the concept of mandated choice was proposed by the American Medical Association in 1994. 5) Mandated choice would make it so people are required by law to state in advance whether or not they will be an organ donor. The American Medical Association's Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs supports mandated choice. In a 1994 report, the council said: â€Å"Requiring a decision regarding donation would overcome a major obstacle to organ donation – the reluctance of individuals to contemplate their own deaths and the disposition of their bodies. †(6) â€Å"Frankly, I’m shocked that people need the government to tell them plan for their mortality. I wouldn’t want to be brain dead and have my family refuse organ donation because I never told them I wanted to donate. It’s tantamount to being buried with your money. Donate it for Christ sakes. † Concluded Craig. However, everyone does not share this belief of Craig’s. â€Å"I would never allow my daughters body to be chopped up and shared like a joint at a doobie brothers concert. † Said Santa Barbara resident David Martin when asked if he would donate the organs of a family member in the unlikely event of their sudden or accidental death. David’s cited his strict belief in Christian Science as support. His decision to abstain from all medical practices and remedies is a cornerstone in the religion, making the concept of organ donation implausible. While David’s beliefs are of a minority opinion, it still reflects a refusal to donate healthy organs to dying people. With factors influencing donation ranging from family or patient attitudes and beliefs to deaths from trauma being the decision factors, it’s hard to come up with a method for determining the right time to approach a family. â€Å"We have been trained to approach the subject with as much care and tact as possible. † Says Hillary Gitter, a practicing nurse at John Muir Medical Center. You’d be surprised how many people are open to the request if you approach them at the right time and in the right tone. † Because Hillary interacts with patients that are waiting for organ transplants, she firmly believes the need trumps any social awkwardness that arises when asking for organ donations. â⠂¬Å"How would you look someone in the eyes and say their chance of finding a donor is slim to none? You’ve sealed their fate and dashed all hope with that fact, so you do what you can to help people get donors. I think even false hope is better than a death sentence. † Said Hilary.