PEST Analysis on British Airways Essay -- Economics Business Air Essay

Irritation Analysis on British Airways The four distinct situations are regularly alluded to as PEST and permit a PESTanalysis to be directed this permits the association to audit and consider the earth where it works. The PEST factor that has added to the aircrafts business for a long time, be that as it may, has brought an exceptional change was from the catastrophe on September eleventh 2001. World of politics concerns the job of the administration and its influences in an association it additionally incorporates the degree to which the government mediates in the economy. Because of the fear monger assault numerous carriers, for example, British Airways halted trips to specific nations for example, the middles east and the fundamental nations associated with the dread of their planes being assaulted. This is in this manner caused up a political mix with the way that Britain's dread them possibly the following casualties of psychological militant assaults. This has had a many negative consequences for the carriers as they have missed out on a ton of cash due to the stoppage of trips to specific goals. The specialists have needed to ensure that specific principles have been put into spot to ensure that the aircrafts are protected and that they stand fair and square. English Airways have needed to depend on the political and condition consequences for the input that they get the opportunity to settle on what course if move to make on the carrier. Furthermore the measure of financial action in the monetary condition is critical. While assessi...

Diploma in Business Management Formal Management

Question: Examine the Case Study for Diploma in Business Management of Formal Management. Answer: 1: Premise of Distinction Formal gathering Casual gathering Semi formal gathering Definition A proper gathering is a pre-arranged occasion that remembers a gathering between people for a particular way, keeping the particular standards and guidelines to accomplish a predetermined objectives and goals. A casual gathering is certainly not an arranged gathering and does and is progressively easygoing in nature. A semi formal gathering could suggest a party or an easygoing gathering that can happen at work environment for talking about administrative issues. Formal Agenda A proper gathering will have a conventional motivation. A casual may have a plan yet not a proper motivation A semi formal gathering may have a conventional motivation or probably won't have a proper plan Executive Meeting A conventional gathering incorporates executive gathering. A casual gathering doesn't involve executive gatherings. A semi formal gathering does exclude executive gatherings Opportunity of thought There is no opportunity of thought in a conventional gathering There is finished opportunity of thought in a proper gathering There may be limitation on the opportunity of contemplations in a semi-formal gathering. Formal necessities There are formal necessities in an executive gathering, which is joined by a motivation. There are no proper necessities in a gathering. There could be formal or here could be no proper necessities in a semi formal gathering. Spot Formal gatherings are held in a conventional area, which is chosen in advance. Casual gatherings can happen anyplace and in casual spots like café or an eatery. Semi formal gathering doesn't require formal areas and spots. (b) Purpose of the gatherings Formal gatherings The motivation behind proper gatherings is to examine a lot of foreordained destinations and objectives that is planned to be talked about. The reason for these gatherings is to address a lot of goals for an organization and settle on basic choices in regards to them. The intention is to define basic techniques in regards to the activities of the business. Formal gatherings are likewise led to build straightforwardness in the tasks and furthermore fix responsibility and obligations. These gatherings additionally permit important conversations and conferences to be made with respect to activities and procedures in the organization. It is significant with the goal that the representatives of the organizations can comprehend the focal objectives and destinations of the organization. This would make the representatives mindful of their jobs and obligations in the associations. Casual gathering The motivation behind casual gathering is to examine matters, which would not have been reasonable in a conventional issue. It expects to implant increasingly easygoing methodology in a gathering. These gatherings are held when more opportunity of considerations and discourse is required from the speaker to examine certain casual gatherings with respect to working environment. It gives the speaker some level of adaptability with respect to discourse and the points that can be talked about. Such gatherings expect to cause the speaker to feel more quiet contrasted with what it would have been in a proper gathering. It assists with hearing the thoughts and perspectives on the speaker with greater lucidity and straightforwardness. It assists with talking about business thoughts and impart better in regards to activities of the business. It helps in handing-off data inside an association. Semi-formal gathering Semi-formal gathering is proposed on talking about basic issues of the organization yet in a semi formal tone. Gatherings associated with a gathering The administrator/director is engaged with a gathering. Executive/administrator is the individual who is responsible for directing a gathering and the organization. The administrator or executive is the preeminent expert in a gathering. A secretary must be available in a gathering. A secretary is accountable for putting down letters and keeping accounts of meeting. A convener needs to go to these gatherings. A convener is an individual who arranges a gathering. Contingents need to go to these gatherings. Contingents allude to a gathering of individuals who speak to an association. Agents must be available in a gathering. Agents are the individuals who speak to another gathering in a conversation. Mediators likewise must be available in a gathering. Arbitrators are vested with the duty of being responsible for individuals in gatherings and during conversations. Conversation bunches go to gatherings in a working environment to every now and again talk about on activities and business v entures. 2. Contrast between regular gathering and yearly comprehensive gathering Premise of Distinction Regular gathering Yearly General Meeting Recurrence Regular gatherings can be hung regarding any matter and whenever. Yearly General Meeting is held once per year. Plan The plan for the comprehensive gathering is nothing extraordinary when contrasted with a yearly regular gathering. Yearly General gathering has a preplanned and unique plan for the gathering Gatherings engaged with the gathering Regular gathering includes just the workers and the administration of an organization. Yearly regular gathering includes all the partners of the organization. Need It isn't important to hold a regular gathering. It is held just on the off chance that it is fundamental for the matter of the organization. It is obligatory to hold a yearly comprehensive gathering each money related year. 3. Meeting Requirements: Restrictive Company A restrictive organization isn't committed under law to hold any open gatherings. Thus, there are no particular gathering necessities of the organization. It is totally reliant on the proprietors and the plans of the proprietors. Open Company One of the gathering prerequisites of an open restricted organization is that the majority of the gatherings ought to be 33% of the all out quality of the gathering. An open restricted organization must hold a gathering inside a half year from the year end. Any chief or executive can require a gathering in broad daylight restricted organization. The base number of days to give the notification for the gathering is 14 days and the most extreme number of days for the notification is 21 days. The notification must be submitted to a chief and the endorsement of the director must be incorporated. The chiefs can require a comprehensive gathering at whatever point they think it is important. The solicitation for the gathering must incorporate the idea of the business and the content of the goals. In the event that the gathering has a proposed goals, at that point it is significant goals is remembered for the notification also. The notification must incorporate the date, time and spot of the gathering. The notification must be sent to each part, chief and those speaking to the organization. Taking minutes of a gathering is a legitimate necessity of meeting. Recorded organization One of the significant necessities for holding gatherings of a recorded organization is that will be that it ought to be recorded on the stock trade. The notification of yearly comprehensive gathering should be sent to the investors inside multi day before the gathering. 4. Terms Executive Executive is the central individual who manages a gathering. An administrator seats the gathering. Secretary A secretary is the gatekeeper of a gathering who makes all the course of action and arranges a gathering and keeps up all reports and minutes of a gathering. Treasurer An individual answerable for taking consideration and keeping up the treasury of an association is known as the treasurer of the association. Abstention The demonstration of avoiding and holding back to cast a ballot against a movement or a proposition is called abstention. Deferment The demonstration of discontinuance or delay of a procedure is called dismissal. Plan Plan alludes to a rundown of exercises that should be taken in a gathering in consecutive request. Movement Movement alludes to a proper advance, which is taken to introduce an issue for thought in a gathering. Making Choice Making choice alludes to the additional vote that is given by the director when the vote given by the gatherings in regards to a movement are equivalent. Intermediary An intermediary alludes to somebody who goes to a regular gathering and decisions in the interest of an individual from the organization. Postponed Postponed alludes to the individuals who are officially present for a conversation in a gathering. 5. Estimation of cost Points of interest Sum Room Hire $1,000 Cooking cost Morning Tea $2.50 Lunch $7 Evening Tea $2.50 Gear Hire: Overhead Projector $30 Electronic $20 Whiteboard Information projector $25 Absolute Cost $1,087 6. Records required for a gathering While sorting out and dealing with a gathering, notice and plan are the archives that are required to lead a gathering. Notice Notice is the record that should be dispersed to the supervisors, executives, and all the individuals from the organization. It is a warning with respect to a gathering to all the individuals from the organization. It should express the name of the association. It ought to educate about the date, time and spot of the gathering. It should express the motivation behind the gathering. It ought to incorporate the mark of the secretary. It ought to be given to all the individuals from the organization. It ought to be given well ahead of time. Seven days notice must be given to hold formal gathering. Motivation Motivation alludes to a report that contains the rundown of things that should be talked about in the gathering. It is a guide of the business. The rundown to be talked about in the gathering is chosen after counsel with the executive and in the wake of getting the endorsement with the director. Minutes Another report that is required to be set up following a gathering is minutes. Minutes contain all the subtleties that happen in a gathering. The minutes remember subtleties of the conversations and procedures for a gathering. It incorporates all the complicated subtleties of the gathering. The minutes should reveal insight into the name of the association, date, time, spot of the association, name of

Commitment Deposit Time! - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

Commitment Deposit Time! - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Commitment Deposit Time! We are coming up on May 1, the date by which most freshman applicants need to make a commitment to attend their chosen college. UGA, along with all the other colleges, wants you to take your time and make sure you make the best choice for your future education. You may still be waiting on financial information, taking one last visit, or just trying to make up your mind. If you are still unsure, take the time to make a good decision. But if you know that you will be attending a specific college, I would suggest that you move forward with sending in your commitment deposit (or whatever action your college of choice asks for), and then let the other colleges that you are considering know this decision. These actions let the colleges know who to focus their attention on, who to now stop mailing materials to (this is probably the highlight for some of you!), and at some point, it will allow the colleges to know more about the wait-list possibilities and overall enrollment numbers. So if you know where you will be going to college next year, go ahead and let all of the colleges you are working with know this fact. Dont just be involved, be committed! Go Dawgs!

What Is the Hardest Chemistry Class

Most students agree studying chemistry isnt a walk in the park, but which course is the hardest? Heres a look at difficult chemistry courses and why you might want to take them. The answer depends on the student, but most people consider one of the following chemistry classes to be the hardest. General Chemistry Truthfully, for most people, the hardest chemistry class is the first one. General Chemistry covers a lot of material very quickly, plus it may be some students first experience with a lab notebook and the scientific method. The combination of lecture plus lab can be intimidating. The second semester of General Chemistry tends to be more difficult than the first part since its assumed you have mastered the basics. Acids and Bases and Electrochemistry can be confusing. You need General Chemistry for most science majors or to go into the medical profession. Its an excellent science course to take as an elective because it teaches how science works and helps you understand the world around you, particularly with respect to everyday chemicals, including foods, drugs, and household products. Organic Chemistry Organic Chemistry is difficult in a different way from General Chemistry. Its easy to get so caught up memorizing structures that you can fall behind. Sometimes Biochemistry is taught with Organic. There is a lot of memorization in Biochem, although if you learn how the reactions work, its a lot easier to process the information and figure out how one structure changes into another during a reaction. You need this course for a chemistry major or to pursue a career in the medical field. Even if you dont need it, this course teaches discipline and time management. Physical Chemistry Physical Chemistry involves math. In some cases, it may draw upon calculus, making it essentially a physics thermodynamics course. If you are weak in math or just dislike it, this may be the hardest class for you. You need P-Chem for a chemistry degree. If you are studying physics, its a great class to take to reinforce thermodynamics. Physical Chemistry helps you master the relationships between matter and energy. Its good practice with math. Its very helpful for engineering students, particularly chemical engineering students.

Toxcity on Social Media - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1854 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/04/10 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Social Media Essay Did you like this example? There are now approximately 3.196 billion people using social media, a 13% increase from 2017. This number is only expected to increase as the number of mobile phone users grows (Hootsuite). There are, of course, many positive aspects to this thriving use of technology. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Toxcity on Social Media" essay for you Create order While these positive affects should not be ignored, it is important to bring light to the very real and negative new reality that the boom of social media has created. Facts are constantly being distorted for personal benefit. Personal opinions are becoming a thing of a past as medias help fuel polarization. This all has a noticeable impact on empathy within people as they grow numb to their emotions. The relationship between social media and its users has quickly taken a negative turn and is endangering the way that people react to real life. As social media has grown prominently, there has been a correlating deterioration of facts, personal opinion, and empathy. Social media, along with television, has become the prevalent source for information. In a report by Dr. Vousghi, they examined 126,000 stories tweeted by about 3 million people more than 4.5 million times (Dizikes 4). Clearly, media sites such as Twitter provides a more efficient way for current news to be shared at a greater reach of people. The problem with this arises when there is a realization of what these news stories are sharing. From this same study showing how largely news has spread also show that the false new stories out of 126,000 were 70% more likely to be retweeted than true stories were. Not only are these inaccurate stories being shared at a faster rate, but also carry more staying power (Dizikes 3). Discussion of fake news has grown rapidly in recent years, even winning 2017s Word of the Year (Hodges 1). This has a lot to do with unprecedented change in political climate paired with social media. A large factor in this disarray is that there is little to no research done when fueling opinions. Media has a huge trigger on motivated reasoning, explaining why the lack of research is there. Motivated reasoning refers to the unconscious tendency of individuals to fit their processing of information to conclusions that suit some end or goal (Mooney 1). Two prominent figures, Donald Trump and J.K. Rowling create a prime example of how motivated reasoning hurts. Back in 2017, Rowling was quick to criticize the president after seeing a short clip of the Trump seemingly ignoring a young boy diagnosed with spina bifida during a White House event. It was not much longer before the author was forced to recant and admit that the video she based her facts on was an edited version of the clip. Rowling admitted that she let her own sensitivities and biases cloud her from taking in the full scope of the situation (Moran). This is a prime example people being caught in the trouble of quickly tr usting misguided information. This has grown so much that the term Twitter Fingers has been used to describe all those who let their narrow-minded thinking control them and tweet without a full scope of understanding. There are many reasons that all these problems are occurring. Newsrooms traditionally need to establish facts before releasing a story, but this is not the case on social platforms. These platforms allow anyone to post their stories to share with millions of people who, like Rowling, take only the information that is presented to them rather than what is accurate. False news has been proven to strike more emotion and interest in its readers. When discussing policy-making and truthfulness Cairney states In the real world, evidence is contested, the policy process contains many influential actors, scientific evidence is one of many sources of information, and policymakers base their decisions on a mixture of emotions, knowledge and shortcuts to gather relevant evidence (Perl 587). There are no credibility checks done as people are quick to trust an article when it favors what they believe. While it seems like this spread of fake news should be an easy fix, there are factors that make it not so simple. A study by MIT found that users who share accurate information have more followers and send more tweets than fake-news sharers. Despite the differences between factual sources and other, the study proves that falsehood spreads further and faster than the truth (Meyer 1). Social media systematically amplifies falsehood at the expense of the truth, and no research has found how to reverse the trend (Meyer 3). This is dangerous for our society, which allows its citizens to have a large say in how the country functions. Despite all that is put in to creating accurate and reliable news, in the end, it is consumers who need to be more skeptical. This choice is a hard task in this pick a side climate. Personal opinion is engrained in what America is all about, so much so that freedom of speech is embedded in the Constitution. This important right of American citizens while implemented daily, is deteriorating as media contributes to the polarization of the U.S. Polarization can be defined as a two-sided division between contrasting groups with different sets of opinions or beliefs. This is increasingly becoming a problem as social media grows. Across all media sites people are following their friends, family, and other like-minded people. Seeing so many views equal to ones self, it is easy to become hesitant to say anything different in other situations. Keith Hampton, an associate Professor of Communication at Rutgers stated People who use social media are finding new ways to engage politically, but theres a big difference between political participation and deliberation. People are less likely to express opinions and to be exposed to the other side, and thats exposure wed like to see in a democracy (Miller 2) Fear of retaliation and lack of support creates a divisive culture as people feel the need to pick a side where they can gain support from others. This is magnified as algorithms are tweaked to show people content like theirs. Twitter has admitted to creating an algorithm that would begin showing people tweets even from people they dont follow if enough other people they follow favorite them. Facebook is also guilty of manipulating their algorithm, after announcing that they would hide stories with certain types of headlines in the news feed (Miller 3). These kinds of changes are exactly what accelerates polarization in America. Not allowing people to face difference of opinions only makes it easier to blind themselves from varying outlooks, creating a divisive environment. Conformity, silence, and backlash are all negative consequences that can occur when social media stifles the diversity of opinion and debate about public affairs. Pew Research conducted a survey that stated in both personal and online settings people felt more willing to share their views if they thought their audience agreed with them (Hampton 3). This is the famous filter bubble, a concept popularized in the 2011 book of the same name by Eli Pariser, an internet activist and founder of the viral video site Upworthy. Ultimately, democracy works only if citizens are capable of thinking beyond our narrow self-interest ¦ The filter bubble pushes us in the opposite direction†it creates the impression that our narrow self-interest is all that exists (Piore 19). The filter bubble heavily relates to the Spiral of Silence Theory, an idea that people are less likely to express their views if they believe they differ from those of their friends, family and colleagues (Hampton 1). This relates to social media, in that the internet reflects and deepens division, making it easier to read only news and opinions from like-minds. It is emphasized through social media since every action, decision, etc. has potential to be scrutinized in the public eye, on a larger scale. Politics, business, public figures and the public are at risk. In this new era of social media, when these groups have stepped out of line in the eyes of public opinion there is large damage to brands and reputation. Understanding how to manage a company in this social media era has become one of the most important roles for CEOs and marketers in companies (Foley). While accountability is important it can be dangerous when the backlash is solely people following a trend of hate and not fully absorbing the situation. Becoming so quick to conform and attack affects the empathy a person holds as people become out of touch with reality. Compassion fatigue describes the outcome when people are constantly bombarded with tragic stories and eventually get emotionally worn out (Masten 2). This fatigue cannot be solely placed on social media, as it has been going on for years. While media is not exclusively to blame, it certainly exacerbates the amount of tragedies seen, eventually causing some to lose the ability to empathize. Each day there are new hashtags revolving around a tragedy somewhere in the world. Understanding and bringing focus is great and has helped in so many ways but this repetition can still be emotionally exhausting. Instead, emotions have become automatic and ethical obligations. Another effect that has occurred is that some are unable to empathize with dissimilar people. Confirmation bias refers to people only able to understand and empathize with the people who agree with us but when it comes to people who disagree with opposing sides, we find ourselves unable to empathize, and all too able to demonize and dismiss (Masten 2). Moral superiority comes into play in this way. When people see something disagreeable on social media they are ready to mislabel the other person, who they likely dont know. The moral superiority that they have, makes it easier to go on the attack. This is especially true as they are looking at a computer screen rather than being in the face of the actual person. Peoples inability to empathize with ones intentions, mistakes, or humanity is toxic and dangerous. On the other side there is performative goodwill which brings up the question if sending thoughts and prayers, charity donations, etc. can be either inspiring and cathartic, encouraging others to act offline or are people just sharing to get the sentiment out of their system and not seem or feel like a bad person (Lorman 1). We see other people doing something and we follow along because were social beings. This is not to say amazing movements such as Black Lives Matter and #MeToo have not been formed, just that there is weak focus. To conclude there are a lot of factors proving how social media has negatively affected our society. A full understanding of facts is not important if it doesnt result in self elevation. Personal opinion is shadowed by public views. Empathy levels are being suppressed as we are continually fed tragedies leading us to disconnect. This empathy is also lost as people struggle to relate to those with different values. Individuality, creativity, and growth are all in danger as the toxic environment within social media grows. Seeing as this growth in social media is only expected to continue for years to come, personal work needs to be done to learn how to disassociate the cyberworld from the one outside.

The Repercussions of a Universal Health Program in the United States Free Essays

The implementation of a universal health program in the U. S. is one of the many plans presented by President Barack Obama during his campaign several months ago. We will write a custom essay sample on The Repercussions of a Universal Health Program in the United States or any similar topic only for you Order Now (AP, 2007) Now that Obama is the president, we might be expecting this particular response to problems in health care that have been a burden to many Americans in the past years. However, will a nationalized, universal health program resolve the various issues that have been plaguing health care over the years? Reviewing the possible upshots or consequences of this program would serve as rejoinders to this question. A nationalized, universal health program is a seeming response to the problem of limited healthcare coverage in the country although compared with other nations; the U. S. spends large amounts of money for this particular service. (AP, 2007) In general, a universal health program will provide all citizens of the U. S. ith health insurances regardless of the guidelines previously set as qualifications for individuals who are allowed to access healthcare insurance and services. Other issues addressed by a universal health programs is the high cost of healthcare services and medicine, the involvement of private insurance companies in providing healthcare insurance to all, and the prevention of medical errors. (â€Å"Healthcare,† N. D. ) The positive effects of a universal health program constitute healthcare access to all the citizens of the U. S. , whether they are employed or unemployed, obtaining extreme salary ranges or household incomes, and such. However, the program might not gain support from the private sector, particularly insurance providers and employers, as well as other people who do not wish to experience high taxes. Insurance providers will be out of business and the people will be expecting tax increases to provide for healthcare resources. Medical health professionals and healthcare workers might suffer from the increase in number of people who require health care services, leading to the need of expanding the country’s healthcare workforce, and consequentially, resources to fund the expanded workforce. In addition, the quality of healthcare might not undergo improvements or developments due to limited funding, since majority of healthcare resources are allocated to providing healthcare insurance to all. Overall, although the universal health program is an excellent way for the government to address the needs of its people, there are various issues and challenges that must be resolved to ensure the smooth facilitation and implementation of the program. The government should look for ways to arrive at a consensus with private insurance providers, encourage citizens to establish careers in healthcare, and to assure the citizens that tax raises will be able to resolve the issues of limited access to healthcare in the country affecting the health and welfare of the people. How to cite The Repercussions of a Universal Health Program in the United States, Papers

Ethical And Legal Issues In Health Care - Brief Sample

Question: Discuss about theEthical and Legal Issues in Health Care. Answer: Introduction Stakeholders are those people who are involved in each step of a process. They provide suggestions, participate in all aspects, give ideas on what can be done to improve something and support the process in all aspects. The stakeholders involved in the case are; baby Thomas parents, head of Intensive Care Unit Department, nurses, physiotherapists, a social worker and the head of the Finance Department. The stakeholders listed suit all the characteristics of a stakeholder in the medical scenario. Each of them participate in all aspects of baby Thomas health situation. Through their involvement however, they present various ethical and legal conflicts. Ethical and Legal Conflicts The health and human rights charter argues that each person has a right to access both physical and mental health. Everybody is entitled to health protection from the medical practitioners, and health care must be given in for of a public good which is financed publicly and fairly. The dignity and rights of the stakeholders will be affected in the following ways; the patient is an important stake holder because he/she has the right to autonomy. However, in the case study, Thomas is unable to contribute because he is an infant. Therefore, the responsibility of making decisions falls on the parents (Leenen, 2014). On the other hand, the parents of baby Thomas, taking into consideration that the evaluation conducted by the social worker concludes that they were not prepared for the probability that baby Thomas may not survive at all, cannot be said to be in the right state of mind to make a reasonable decision. This is because they are looking at the situation subjectively instead of ob jectively, that is, they still insist on continuation of treatment despite its futility, not taking into consideration that the resources lost (Miracle, 2004). Another important stakeholder in the decision making process is the finance department. This is the department issuing the finances used in the medical care of baby Thomas. The finance department in the case scenario can be assumed to be in charge of disbursing funds for patient healthcare taking into consideration that in the case study withdrawal of NICU care due to limited funds after performing an evaluation of expenses. This makes them responsible for ensuring that treatment is availed to patients. Their request to withdraw NICU care was due to limited funds and considering baby Thomas treatment had already been considered futile. The request can however not be said to have been made on reasonable grounds. This is because the funds can be rerouted to help people with higher chances of survival. This is however not ethical because it goes against principle of justice (Chalom, Raphaely Costarino, 2009). Nurses and doctors also make up the list of stakeholders. They are in charge of baby Thomas care. They administer the babys treatment and work at his best interest. In the case study, it was after them giving it their all to ensure the survival of Thomas that they had come to a conclusion that continued medical treatment would be futile. They then suggested that Thomas be withdraw from life support which is within their rights. However this goes against the Hippocratic Oath because their action would lead to the death of the baby (Manias Street, 2011). The boarding management is yet another stakeholder. This refers to the hospital. The hospital is expected to offer medical assistance to anybody without any discrimination. It should ensure that the quality of medical services offered are at par with the standards. It does this by managing all resources including nurses, doctors, pediatricians, facilities and funds. The hospital is usually concerned with the outer greater picture. Extravagant expenditure on a child with almost no chances of survival goes against the greater picture as they have to consider all their patients and ensure that the hospital experiences lower mortality rates. Therefore they are likely to support the decision to withdraw advanced life support systems for Thomas as they will see it as sacrificing a single individual to save more lives. In addition, they will also view it as an act compassion and empathy as Thomas will suffer no more. This however is not ethical as their actions will violate the principles o f non-maleficence and justice. In addition, their actions would also go against the sense of morals and virtues they are required to uphold as not doing everything within ones power to save an individual is neither morally upright not virtuous (Lynk, 2015). Principles and Virtues of Health Care Ethics Principles in Thomas case is as follows; first of all, medical practitioners are guided by principles such as respect for autonomy, respect for persons, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice. Respect for autonomy refers to a case where the patient has a right to accept or refuse treatment. Respect for persons is where the patient and the medical practitioner have a right to be treated with dignity (Ashcroft, Dawson, Draper McMillan, 2007). Beneficence refers to a case where a medical practitioner is required to act in the interest of the patient in the best way possible. Non-maleficence refers to a case where medical practitioners are not expected to cause harm or inflict pain. Lastly, justice refers to where health resources are distributed fairly and equally, irrespective of how scarce the resources might be (Beauchamp, 2007). In this case, Thomas, a baby with poor health needs to be treated with dignity irrespective of his condition. The medical practitioner attending to him s hould also be treated with dignity and his/her decisions should be greatly respected. Beneficence applies in this case as well because the medical practitioner is required to work to the best interest of Thomas (Gillon Lloyd, 2014). However, Thomas interest is with the parents so the medical practitioners should work to achieve their interest, which is Thomas getting well. Non maleficence can be used in this case. Medical practitioners should not inflict pain (Engelhardt Wildes, 2014). By withdrawing Thomas life support system, the medical practitioners will be causing harm to the baby and to his parents. Ethically, the medical practitioners should thus not withdraw the life support system. The principle of justice is also relevant because baby Thomas, regardless of his age and medical condition is entitled to the medical resources which have been distributed fairly and equitably (Veatch, 2011). Codes of Ethics and Codes of Professional Conduct Apart from principles and virtues of health care ethics, there are codes of ethics and codes of professional conduct. According to the American Medical Association, the relevant codes of ethics and/or codes of professional conduct include; first, patient-physician relationship where medics are expected build trustworthiness with their patients. In the case of Thomas, the medical practitioners should build a trust relationship with his parents so that Thomas parents can at least believe that the medics will save their sons life (Butler, 2012). Second, opinions on consent, communication and decision making where patients participate in making decisions about their health and medical practitioners provide information to help their patients understand their medical condition. The medical practitioners should explain the condition of Thomas to his parents such as cerebral perfusion, hypothermia, thrombosis, sepsis and malnutrition, and also the medical procedures he is undergoing such as resuscitation and extubing the baby (Thomas, Sage, Dillenberg Guillory, 2012). Thirdly, medical practitioners are expected to respect a patients privacy and confidentiality. The doctors, nurses and social workers should keep information about Thomas private and should avoid sharing his medical condition to third parties, otherwise they will be going against the code of privacy and confidentiality (Siegler, 2012). Fourth, as a patient nears the end of life, medical practitioners are expected to help their patients and provide them with compassionate care. In Thomas case, medical practitioners are almost certain that Thomas is not going to make it out of his condition alive. However, according to the ethics of medical practitioners, at this crucial time, Thomas needs greater medical care (Jonsen, Siegler Winslade, 2012). Fifth, a medical practitioner should provide medical service basing on human need and should not be influenced by age, gender, color, race or status. They should therefore not allow the socio economic status of the patient influence the care being provided. In the case of Thomas, the head of the Finance Department suggests that the treatment the baby is getting in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit be withdrawn because it is costly on the parents. This is against the code of conduct of doctors (Shuster, 2010). In Thomas case study, there exists a legal and ethical conflict. Legally, medical practitioners have the right to withdraw or withhold medical treatment from their patients, which is the action the medical practitioners are opting for in the case of Thomas. The withholding and withdrawal of life support systems is legally justified by the principles of informed consent and informed refusal which both have strong roots in common law. Consequentially, palliative care has to be offered in order to satisfy legal requirements (Reich, 2013). Withdrawal or withholding life support systems are supported by the principles of autonomy and beneficence. However, in as much as the action of withdrawing baby Thomas advanced life support systems maybe legal, it can be considered unethical. This is because the action goes against the code of ethics that medical practitioners are sworn in to, the Hippocratic Oath. Withdrawal of baby Thomas advanced life support would most likely lead to death, either instantly or after a period of time. This goes against the principle of non-maleficence as it requires medical practitioners not to kill, inflict pain, incapacitate or deny an individual the benefits of life. These conflicts lead to increased difficulty in making a decision on the course of action (Beauchamp Walters, 2012). The above discussed principles conflict greatly with one another, especially with regard to Thomas case. For instance, there is conflict between principle of beneficence and autonomy. This usually happens when the recommendations given by medical practitioners are not agreed upon by a patient. In the case of Thomas, the head of the Intensive Care Unit and Anesthesia Department has recommended that Thomas be removed from the advanced life support system (Brazier Cave, 2012). The reason for this is that the nurses and physiotherapists argue that in any case Thomas survives, he would suffer great neurological damage and other disabilities, and would therefore not be able to lead a normal life. The conflict comes in when his parents reject this view. They even go to an extent of contacting the media so that they can make public their situation and that of their son (Ramsey, 2015). A Legally and Ethically Defensible Resolution to these Conflicts Ethically, the withdrawal of the life support system from a patient is not acceptable in the medical profession. This is because it is against the principles of autonomy, beneficence and non-maleficence. However, legally, the medics can withdraw and withhold the life support system. This however, must be done with consideration of the offering of palliative care. The medical practitioners might withdraw the life support system and baby Thomas happens to survive. They should ensure that the baby experiences the best medical treatment in the hospital. Medical practitioners such as doctors, nurses and social workers should provide an extra layer of support. The palliative care team should also ensure that there is constant communication between them and Thomas parents so that they are aware of what is going on. Since this could be considered as end of life for Thomas, the medics should apply end of care support. This should enable the medical practitioners help Thomas live well until he dies. They should also ask his parents on their wishes and preferences with regard to Thomas life. The parents should receive social, psychological and spiritual care as well. Thomas is in the stage of end of life because the medicals have ruled out his chances of survival. Conclusion The situation of baby Thomas is conflicting when it comes to legal and ethical terms. The recommendations given by the medical practitioners is to withdraw life support from baby Thomas. Legally this is allowed as long as the medical practitioners apply palliative care. 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